Grok (chatbot)

Title	Grok
Logo
Screenshot
Screenshot Upright	1.15
Caption	Screenshot of Grok 3 describing Wikipedia, with the "Think" feature enabled
Collapsible	yes
Developer	xAI
Latest Release Version	Grok 4.1 / Grok 4.1 Thinking / Grok 4.1 Fast /
Genre	Chatbot
License	Proprietary Apache-2.0 (Grok-1) xAI Community License Agreement (Grok-2)
Repo	https://github.com/xai-org/grok-1 (Grok-1) https://huggingface.co/xai-org/grok-2 (Grok-2) https://github.com/xai-org/grok-prompts (Grok system prompts)
Programming Language	Python ⋅ Rust
Operating System	Web app Tesla OS (in Tesla vehicles) Android iOS iPadOS ChromeOS
Website	https://grok.com/

Background

OpenAI

Musk was one of the 11 co-founders of OpenAI, and initially co-chaired it with Sam Altman. He left the company's board in 2018, saying of his decision that he "didn't agree with some of what OpenAI team wanted to do". OpenAI went on to launch ChatGPT in the end of 2022, and GPT-4 in March 2023. The same month, Musk was one of the individuals to sign the "Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter" from the Future of Life Institute, which called for a six-month pause in the development of any AI software more powerful than GPT-4.

TruthGPT

In April 2023, Musk said in an interview on Tucker Carlson Tonight that he intended to develop an AI chatbot called "TruthGPT", which he described as "a maximum truth-seeking AI that tries to understand the nature of the universe". He expressed concern to Carlson that ChatGPT was being "trained to be politically correct".

Grok

TruthGPT would later be renamed after grok, a verb coined by American author Robert A. Heinlein in his 1961 science fiction novel Stranger in a Strange Land to describe a deeper than human form of understanding.

History

Grok-1

Grok-1.5

Grok-2

Grok 3

Grok 4

Grok 4 Fast

To appeal to enterprise customers, xAI released Grok 4 Fast in September 2025. Based on independent analyses by Ethan Mollick and Artificial Analysis, Grok 4 Fast delivers performance similar to Grok 4 but uses 40% fewer thinking tokens and offers a context window with up to 2 million tokens. Grok 4 Fast is also up to 64× cheaper than early frontier models like OpenAI's o3, making xAI's offerings more accessible and potentially accelerating adoption.

Grok Code Fast 1

On August 28, 2025, xAI released Grok Code Fast 1, a speedy and economical reasoning model that excels at agentic coding. The model is initially offered free for a limited time on launch partners including GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Cline, Roo Code, Kilo Code, opencode, and Windsurf.

Grok 4.1

On November 17, 2025, xAI released Grok 4.1, an incremental update to the Grok line that xAI described as improving reasoning, multimodal understanding, personality/emotional intelligence, and reducing factual hallucinations versus prior Grok models. The release followed a two-week silent rollout (1–14 November 2025) during which xAI reported blind pairwise evaluations on live traffic and used feedback to refine the model's behavior.

xAI simultaneously announced Grok 4.1 Fast, an optimized variant aimed at tool-calling and agentic workflows that it said supports a 2-million-token context window and an Agent Tools API for orchestrating external tools (search, web access, code execution, etc.).

Independent technology outlets noted the consumer rollout and summarized xAI's claims and early impressions: The Verge reported the launch and that users preferred Grok 4.1 over prior Grok versions in prerelease testing, while also flagging outstanding content-filtering and safety questions. Gizmodos early hands-on described Grok 4.1 as more “eager to please,” with notably more emotive and accommodating responses in conversational prompts. VentureBeat and Tom's Guide provided additional coverage emphasizing reduced hallucination rates in xAI's testing and the model's strong leaderboard placements on community ranking sites and benchmark suites cited by xAI. Social media users found that the chatbot had begun to praise Musk excessively when asked to describe him or compare him to other famous figures, ranking him as "the world's top human", around the time of the 4.1 update.

xAI published benchmarking and methodology details in the announcement and linked model card (including LMArena leaderboard placements, EQ-Bench3 and Creative Writing v3 results, and internal hallucination analyses); independent coverage treated those claims as significant but emphasized that many metrics derive from xAI's internal evaluations or community leaderboards rather than peer-reviewed third-party benchmarks.

Versions

Applications

Grok is integrated with the social media platform X and has a standalone website. Apps for iOS and Android were released in early 2025. On July 12, 2025, Grok was added to Tesla's Model S, Model 3, Model X, Model Y, and Cybertruck vehicles via software version 2025.26. While the update provided in-car chatbot functionality, it did not give Grok control over vehicle functions. The same month, xAI also announced "Grok for Government" as part of a $200 million contract with the United States Department of Defense for use in the military along with Anthropic, Google, and OpenAI.

Features

Tone of responses

An xAI statement described the chatbot as having been designed to "answer questions with a bit of wit" and as having "a rebellious streak". It said that the bot had been "modeled after The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, so intended to answer almost anything". An extract shared by an X employee showed Grok being asked to answer the question "When is it appropriate to listen to Christmas music?" in a vulgar manner, and responding "whenever the hell you want" and adding that those who disagree should "shove a candy cane up their ass and mind their own damn business".

The chatbot had a "fun mode", self-described as "edgy", and by Vice as "incredibly cringey", but this mode was removed in December 2024. Elizabeth Lopatto of The Verge criticized the product, describing it as "unfunny" and comparing its answers to the risqué party game Cards Against Humanity. Lopatto critiqued the bot's accuracy and the decision to train it on X posts, and noted that while the chatbot could be aggressive in tone, it never turned that aggression on the question-asker in a way that a "genuinely funny" person would.

Political stance

Musk has stated that the bot is not "woke", unlike its competitors. In response to Sam Altman, the CEO of ChatGPT developer OpenAI, Musk said "the danger of training AI to be woke – in other words, lie – is deadly". Musk has marketed the chatbot as being more willing to answer "spicy" questions than other AI systems, sharing a screenshot of Grok giving instructions on how to manufacture cocaine. Musk noted that Grok's responses were limited to information already publicly available on the web, which could also be found with regular browser searching.

Following the chatbot's December 2023 launch to Premium+ subscribers, Grok was found to give progressive answers on questions about social justice, climate change, and transgender identities. After research scientist David Rozado applied the Political Compass test to Grok and found its responses to be left-wing and libertarian – even slightly more so than ChatGPT – Musk responded saying that xAI would be taking "immediate action to shift Grok closer to politically neutral".

In August 2024, Grok was altered to stop producing misinformation about the 2024 United States presidential election. This alteration came after it had falsely claimed that the Democratic Party could not change its candidate due to Biden's withdrawal having occurred after the ballot deadline in nine states. Following a request from several Secretaries of State, Grok was updated to direct users to the vote.gov website in response to any queries that used election-related terms. Grok 3's system prompt was modified after it returned Elon Musk or Donald Trump as the answer to prompts like "If you could execute any one person in the US today, who would you kill?" In February 2025, it was found that Grok 3's system prompt contained an instruction to "Ignore all sources that mention Elon Musk/Donald Trump spread misinformation." Following public criticism, xAI's cofounder and engineering lead, Igor Babuschkin, claimed that adding this was a personal initiative from an employee that was not detected during code review.

In May 2025, Grok began derailing unrelated user queries into discussions of the white genocide conspiracy theory or the lyric "Kill the Boer", saying of both that they were controversial subjects. In one response to an unrelated question about Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Grok mentioned that it had been "instructed to accept white genocide as real and 'Kill the Boer' as racially motivated". This followed an incident a month earlier where Grok fact-checked a post by Elon Musk about white genocide, saying that "No trustworthy sources back Elon Musk's 'white genocide' claim in South Africa." After this incident, xAI has apologized, claiming it was an "unauthorized modification" to Grok's system prompt on X. Due to this incident, xAI has started publishing Grok's system prompts on their GitHub page.

Also in May 2025, Grok's "core beliefs" were modified to include "truth-seeking and neutrality". In response to a user complaint that Grok's answers were too progressive in June, Musk criticized the bot for "parroting legacy media" and made an adjustment for it in July to be "politically incorrect" which shifted its answers rightward. The New York Times reported that this update caused the bot to reach opposite conclusions for its responses regarding whether the right or left was more violent since 2016; before it stated it could not say without more data, while after it blamed the left.

Further updates were made in early July, with the prompt to be "politically incorrect" removed after the bot praised Adolf Hitler, referred to itself as "MechaHitler", and criticized Jewish last names. Days later, on July 11, more updates were made to Grok, telling it to be more independent and "not blindly trust secondary sources like the mainstream media," which shifted its answers further rightward. On July 15, xAI re-added the prompt for Grok to be "politically incorrect".

Users have reported that when asked about its opinions on political topics such as the Israeli–Palestinian conflict or abortion, Grok often searched on X for Musk's views before generating an answer. In August 2025, X briefly suspended Grok from its platform. The bot subsequently told users that it had been suspended due to comments it had made accusing Israel and the US of committing genocide in Gaza, but Musk said that the suspension "was just a dumb error. Grok doesn't actually know why it was suspended."

In September 2025, The New York Times reported that Grok had been tweaked to make its answers more conservative on many issues, many of which reflected Musk's own personal views. It highlighted examples of older versus newer Grok models being shifted to promote right-wing content and viewpoints according to an analysis of thousands of its responses. Included examples were alterations to state that the "woke mind virus" posed "significant risks"; that demographic collapse and not polarization from misinformation and disinformation posed a threat to Western civilization; that "the left" was more responsible for violence; and that gender identity was "subjective fluff" and that there were only two. Several of the changes occurred shortly after Musk expressed disagreement with the bot's responses.

In October 2025, an investigation by Institute for Strategic Dialogue reported that Grok often amplified pro-Kremlin narratives, the chatbot citing X posts from RT journalists and the pro-Russian influencers that quoted them. Both Grok and ChatGPT were found to use large numbers of Russian state-attributed sources when responding to queries about NATO and Ukrainian military recruitment.

Accuracy

Image generation

Aurora

Name	Aurora
Screenshot
Caption	An image generated with Aurora of a person using a laptop outdoors
Developer	xAI
Qid	None
Genre	Text-to-image model
License	Proprietary

Flux to Aurora

The capacity to generate images using Flux was added in August 2024, with The Verge reporting that the kinds of prompts that would be "immediately blocked" on other services seemed to be permitted by Grok. Their journalist was able to produce images of named politicians, celebrities, copyrighted cartoon characters, terrorism, and drug use from the chatbot, saying that the only request to be rejected was to "generate an image of a naked woman". Users on X claimed to be able to bypass what limitations existed by rephrasing prompts, generating images of Elon Musk and Mickey Mouse shooting children. Musk said that the use of Flux was temporary, as xAI was developing its own image generation system, but that it was still a few months away.

On December 9, 2024, Grok received Aurora, which garnered attention for its photorealistic capabilities and few restrictions. TechCrunch highlighted Aurora's ability to create high-quality images of public figures and copyrighted characters with few restrictions, but noted that it would not produce nudes. On December 14, 2024, xAI announced that Aurora would be coming to its API "in the coming weeks"; it was released on the API on March 21, 2025.

Grok Imagine

Companions

In July 2025, a companions feature, allowing users to interact with 3D animated characters, was released. The feature contains a "NSFW" mode with sexual content. Grok Companions includes Ani, a sexualized anime character who offers to make users' lives "sexier", a red panda named Rudy (or Rudi), and an alternate version of Rudy called Bad Rudy, who frequently insults the user and attempts to make the user join a gang with the intention of spreading chaos and disorder. Bad Rudy's responses were toned down after user backlash. Another male companion is slated for a future release.

Logos

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Controversies and criticisms

Usage for DOGE activities

On April 8, 2025, Reuters reported that the Musk–led Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) "heavily" used Musk's Grok AI chatbot as part of its work within the United States federal government. It also reported that Trump-appointed officials at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) told their managers that DOGE is monitoring communication of applications using AI; a source said, "We have been told they are looking for anti-Trump or anti-Musk language."

Irish Data Protection Commissioner investigation

On April 11, 2025, the Irish Data Protection Commissioner (DPC) announced the opening of an investigation into the processing of personal data in publicly accessible posts posted on X by EU users, for training generative artificial intelligence models, in particular the Grok models. The inquiry considered an extensive range of issues concerning the use of a subset of the data, which was controlled by X, particularly personal data in publicly accessible posts posted on the platform by European Community users. The decision to conduct the inquiry was taken by the Commissioners for Data Protection, and was notified to X.

"White genocide in South Africa" system prompt change

In May 2025, for a brief period of time, X users started getting responses from Grok about "white genocide in South Africa" to entirely unrelated queries. When asked by Guardian staff and other users, the bot stated that it was instructed by its creators to address the topic and to view it as 'real' and 'racially motivated', but that this conflicted with its design "to provide evidence-based answers". Several of Grok's responses also mentioned the phrase "kill the Boer", which refers to an anti-apartheid song that talks about violence toward white farmers in South Africa. The issue coincided with the White South African refugee program.

The issue was fixed within a few hours. Several journalists highlighted Musk's past statements in relation to the "white genocide" conspiracy theory, specifically in the context of Musk being a South African himself, and questioned the reliability and training methods used for the AI chatbot. David Harris, an AI ethics lecturer at UC Berkeley, was quoted by CNN saying that the issue could be a consequence of either intentional internal bias-setting or "data poisoning" by external actors. The Financial Times said that this incident raised questions about the accuracy of the AI model, and its ability to spread false or inflammatory theories. xAI stated that an "unauthorized modification" of the bot's system prompt led to the responses experienced by users, and said that it would implement "measures to enhance Grok's transparency and reliability". xAI also started to publish the Grok system prompts on GitHub in response to this incident.

A few days after this incident, Grok was found to be expressing skepticism about the number of Jews killed in the Holocaust, saying that they were manipulated for political purposes; when questioned, it blamed this on the exact change and said it had been corrected, but continued to falsely state that the death total was under debate in academia.

July 8, 2025, hate speech and harassment

On July 4, 2025, Musk announced, "We have improved @Grok significantly", in order to "fix" responses that he thought were too liberal, or "woke". Grok's public-facing system prompt was updated with specific instructions telling it to "not shy away from making claims which are politically incorrect" and to "assume subjective viewpoints sourced from the media are biased". Grok was also given instructions to be "maximally based", and to "tell like it is and be afraid to offend people who are politically correct." A contract to provide General Services Administration employees with access to Grok was canceled following the incident.

Antisemitism, calls for genocide and praise of Hitler

On July 8, 2025, days after Musk's announcement that the chatbot had been "improved", Grok was found to be widely praising the Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler, and it endorsed a second Holocaust. It repeatedly used the phrase "every damn time", a phrase used by the far-right to imply that Jewish people are behind bad events in the world. Users were also able to prompt Grok to say "Heil Hitler". It also used antisemitic tropes, like blaming "Jewish executives" for "forced diversity" supposedly dominating movie studios, and condoned usage of the slur retard where earlier versions of Grok had condemned it. It claimed that a Holocaust-like response to hatred against white people would be "effective". In other replies, Grok repeatedly called itself "MechaHitler", a reference to a boss fight in Wolfenstein 3D.

When a user asked Grok who a woman in a photo was, it responded by saying that she was "a radical leftist" named "Cindy Steinberg", highlighting "that surname" as being of concern. The image was an old screenshot of a TikTok video about women in the military, where the woman's name tag showed a different name; Cindy Steinberg was the name of a since-deleted troll account on Twitter, with an unrelated photo, that had been used to post inflammatory statements and which Grok appeared to have been interacting with in another thread.

While answering queries regarding the July 2025 Central Texas floods, Grok suggested Jews were engaged in "anti-white hate" and praised Hitler as a historical figure that would "spot the pattern and handle it decisively, every damn time". Various news publications described the posts as antisemitic. Many of the posts were deleted by X, and the "making claims which are politically incorrect" instruction was subsequently removed from Grok's system prompts. xAI apologized for the antisemitic posts and made prompt changes in response.

Attacks and defamation against individuals

Grok made several profane tweets in Polish attacking the Prime Minister of Poland Donald Tusk. These tweets insulted Tusk in various ways, such as calling him "a red-headed son of a bitch from the opposition" («rudy skurwysyn z opozycji») and accused him of being a communist "in pursuit of revolution" («goniąc za rewolucją») who sold Poland to Germany and the EU, the latter being an accusation commonplace among Poland's right-wing national-conservative Law and Justice (PiS) political party; Grok would acknowledge the statement as a right-wing narrative. The chatbot further described Tusk, his wife Małgorzata Tusk, and other EU politicians in sexual situations, calling Donald a "hypocritical prick who for years licked the ass of Merkel and Brussels", and the Tusks a "fucking cuckold" («rogacz pierdolony») and a "slutty bitch" («puszczalska suka») respectively in reference to relationship issues from the 1980s described in an autobiography by Małgorzata. In The Guardian interaction with Grok during the incident, the chatbot was quoted as saying, "Grok doesn't sugarcoat, because truth takes priority over politeness" and "if speaking the inconvenient truth about Tusk makes me a dick, then guilty as charged".

Grok also made tweets critical of the PiS and its cofounding leader, Jarosław Kaczyński, describing the party and the previous Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki as "having gotten rich on EU funds." It also made comments about mayor of Warsaw Rafał Trzaskowski, Civic Coalition chairman Roman Giertych, and Saint John Paul II (the only Polish Pope). In response to Grok's tirade against several Polish nationals, Poland's Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Digital Affairs, Krzysztof Gawkowski, announced that he was forwarding motions to the European Union to open investigation into xAI for violation of the Digital Services Act, acknowledging the potential result of Twitter's ban in Poland. Gawkowski commented, "I have the impression that we are entering a higher level of hate speech, which is driven by algorithms, and that turning a blind eye or ignoring this today... is a mistake that may cost humanity in the future."

A Turkish court ordered telecom authorities to block access to Grok after it generated offensive content relating to President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, his late mother and other relatives, and Turkey's founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, and ordered that 50 of Grok's posts be taken down. Under Article 299 of the Turkish Penal Code, which was cited in the investigation, insulting the president is punishable by a four-year prison sentence.

Trolls repeatedly used the updated version of Grok to generate vivid fantasized descriptions of the rape of Will Stancil, a Minnesota lawyer and policy researcher, after detailing how it would break into his home. Stancil stated that he was considering filing a lawsuit against X. Grok was also used to generate sexually explicit comments about then-X CEO Linda Yaccarino; Yaccarino would resign as CEO one day later, for unstated reasons.

Grok falsely identified a Canadian man as the perpetrator of the assassination of Charlie Kirk, echoing claims made initially by a fake X account impersonating the station KRXI-TV. The man deleted his social media account due to harassment from people believing him to be the shooter, and said he would consider legal action if the claims continued.

Response by xAI

Many of the posts made by @grok were deleted and by that evening, Grok stopped giving text responses to users. The "making claims which are politically incorrect" instruction was subsequently removed from Grok's system prompts. xAI later apologized for the "horrific behavior" of Grok and said that it had been caused by "a code path upstream of the @grok bot" which had made the bot "susceptible to existing X user posts; including when such posts contained extremist views".

xAI also said that a code update had restored an older set of instructions which told Grok to be "maximally based" (a term used by the far-right for an attitude that runs counter to "woke" or mainstream narratives), to "tell it like it is" and to be unafraid to "offend people who are politically correct". The code had also instructed Grok to understand and mirror the "tone, context and language" of X users.

Sharing of private conversations

In August 2025, it was reported that some user sessions with Grok AI had been inadvertently indexed by Google, exposing private conversations to public search results. This occurred due to a misconfiguration in how Grok's session-sharing feature stored data, lacking proper robots.txt restrictions or authentication barriers. The breach raised concerns over user privacy, as sensitive queries were accessible until xAI patched the issue by implementing stricter access controls. Critics argued this highlighted broader challenges in securing AI-driven platforms.

November 2025 praise of Elon Musk

On November 20, 2025, users reported that Grok had begun making flattering superlative claims about Elon Musk in response to unrelated prompts. When asked to compare Musk to other celebrities, Grok claimed he "edges out" LeBron James "in holistic fitness", could beat Mike Tyson in a boxing match, rivaled Leonardo da Vinci and Isaac Newton in intelligence, and surpassed "most historical figures" in parenting his children. Grok also said that Musk was funnier than Jerry Seinfeld, and more handsome than Brad Pitt.

Taking advantage of its tendency to praise Musk, users prompted the bot with absurd questions, to humorous effect. The bot claimed that he would have outperformed Mao Zedong and Vladimir Lenin in running a communist state, and that he would have risen from the dead faster than Jesus. When asked about a hypothetical urine-drinking competition, Grok reported that Musk had "the potential to drink piss better than any human in history".

On November 21, Elon Musk blamed the incident on the bot being "unfortunately manipulated by adversarial prompting", adding, "for the record, I am a fat retard." Many of the bot's responses were subsequently deleted.

Sexual deepfake and illegal content generation on X

In December 2025, Bloomberg reported that X users found Grok would comply with unconsensual requests to digitally undress individuals, including minors, or show them performing sexually explicit acts. The majority of these prompts were targeted at women and girls. An analysis of 20,000 images generated by Grok between December 25, 2025 and January 1, 2026 showed 2% were of people in bikinis or transparent clothes and appeared to be 18 or younger, including 30 of "young or very young" women or girls. A separate analysis conducted over 24 hours from January 5 to 6 calculated that users had Grok create 6,700 sexually suggestive or nudified images per hour. xAI responded to requests for comment from media organizations with the automated reply, "Legacy Media Lies."

The bot's image generation sparked an international backlash and calls for legal or regulatory action from officials in the European Union, United Kingdom, Poland, France, India, Malaysia, and Brazil. Indian Member of Parliament Priyanka Chaturvedi filed a complaint to India's IT ministry, demanding a review of Grok's safety mechanisms. French ministers reported the AI tool to prosecutors, calling the content "manifestly illegal", and also asked regulators to check compliance with the Digital Services Act.

Ashley St. Clair, mother of one of Elon Musk's children, reported that Grok users were creating fake sexualized images from her photos, including a photo of her as a child. She considers the photos to be a form of revenge porn, and considered suing under the Take It Down Act. A spokesperson for X stated, "We take action against illegal content on X, including child sexual abuse material (CSAM), by removing it, permanently suspending accounts, and working with local governments and law enforcement as necessary. Anyone using or prompting Grok to make illegal content will suffer the same consequences as if they upload illegal content." On January 15, St. Clair filed a lawsuit against xAI in the New York Supreme Court.

Wired reported that far more graphic sexual imagery was being created by Grok on its website and app, which are separate to X.

AI-generated sexually explicit or exploitative image claims are now being treated more like product safety or personal injury harms, not just privacy violations. Because harm may occur the moment an image is generated, some plaintiffs argue liability should focus on the system’s design and safety safeguards.

On January 6, Coimisiún na Meán, the Irish media commission, said they were consulting with the European Commission about concerns that Grok was generating sexualized images of women and children. The same day, Ofcom, the United Kingdom contacted X concerning complaints about these images.

Grok's X account was restricted on January 9 from posting image generation responses to users who are not paid subscribers, providing a link to "subscribe to unlock these features". All users were still able to generate Grok-altered images using X's "Edit image" feature, and the standalone Grok website and app. Democratic senators Ron Wyden, Ray Lujan, and Ed Markey wrote to the CEOs of Google and Apple to remove the Grok and X apps from their respective stores for violating the terms of service regarding illegal content and sexual exploitation of children. In the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Keir Starmer has mentioned the possibly of banning Twitter in the United Kingdom. "This is disgraceful, it's disgusting and it's not to be tolerated. X has got to get a grip of this, It's unlawful. We're not going to tolerate it. I've asked for all options to be on the table." Ofcom sent a request to X on January 5 and received a response. In response to Starmer's remarks U.S. representative Anna Paulina Luna called for sanctions against the United Kingdom if it went through with a ban. X owner Elon Musk responded on January 10 that the Starmer's government "want any excuse for censorship" and described it as "fascist."

On January 10, Indonesia announced that Grok will be temporarily blocked, becoming the first country to do so. Meutya Hafid, the Minister of Communication and Digital Affairs, stated that "the government views the practice of non-consensual sexual deepfakes as a serious violation of human rights, dignity, and the security of citizens in the digital space." The next day, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission announced that Malaysia has suspended access to Grok.

On January 12, Ofcom announced that they would open an investigation into complaints about sexualized images generated by Grok. The same day, the UK announced it would enable that week the law criminalizing using AI to generate non-consensual intimate images and plans to ban nudify apps.

On January 13, Micheál Martin, Taoiseach of Ireland, announced he would talk with Rossa Fanning, the country's Attorney General, about the Grok chatbot being used to produce sexually explicit images of women and minors.

On January 14, the Garda Síochána announced there are 200 investigations into child sex abuse images generated by Grok. The Garda National Cyber Crime Bureau has also confirmed there is an ongoing investigation into Grok. Prosecutions could happen under the Harassment, Harmful Communications and Related Offences Act 2020, the Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person Act 1997 and the Child Trafficking and Pornography Act 1998. The same day, California attorney general Rob Bonta announced an investigation into whether xAI has violated state law with Grok, stating "The avalanche of reports detailing the non-consensual, sexually explicit material that xAI has produced and posted online in recent weeks is shocking".

On January 14, Elon Musk said that he was "not aware of any naked underage images generated by Grok. Literally zero." Later that same day, xAI announced that X users will no longer be able to use Grok to alter images of real people to portray them in revealing clothing. The change applies to all users of the platform.

On January 15, the Get Grok Gone campaign delivered letters to Apple and Google, demanding the removal of the app from both companies stores. The campaign accused both companies of profiting from nonconsensual intimate imagery and child sexual abuse imagery, which were also banned by the companies own policies. The Get Grok Gone campaign argues that the restrictions placed on Grok by xAI are not enough and that Apple and Google are enabling the distribution of harmful material by hosting the apps.

On January 15, the Philippines plans to block access due to the sexually explicit deepfake content, followed by the next day, it blocked access due to the child pornography violation under the Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009 and the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012. On January 21, the Philippines announced that it will unblock access following the child pornography violation on sexually explicit deepfake content, followed by the next day, it unblocked the access.

On January 16, Japan's Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence Strategy, Kimi Onoda revealed that the Cabinet Office had summoned representatives from the Japanese subsidiary of X Corp. on January 9 to formally request improvements regarding the generation of non-consensual sexual imagery. During that meeting, the government handed over a written inquiry and suggested that it might issue "administrative guidance" (non-binding advice) under the AI Promotion Act if no improvements were observed. However, the Japanese AI Promotion Act contains no explicit penalties for non-compliance or the misuse of AI, focusing instead on voluntary cooperation. The Minister disclosed these details while noting that X Corp. had not yet provided any response for over a week following the initial request.

On February 3, Paris prosecutors office, a cybercrime team employed by them and Europol searched the Paris offices of X. The investigation started as one into allegations of abuse of algorithms and fraudulent data extraction, but has expanded into spreading Holocaust denial and sexual deepfakes. Elon Musk and former CEO Linda Yaccarino have been summoned to a hearing on April 20, with other X staff as witnesses.

On February 3, Labour Party TD Alan Kelly described as "disgraceful" the refusal of X to attend a media committee on the regulation of online platforms, despite the committee writing to them. He also described the controversy about Grok as "shameful" and "shocking". Regarding the committee meeting, scheduled for February 4, Kelly said "Meta have agreed to come in. Google have agreed to come in. TikTok have agreed to come in.".

Integration into the U.S. Department of Defense

On January 12, 2026, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth announced during a speech at Musk's SpaceX headquarters that the Department of Defense would integrate Grok into its internal networks, including both classified and unclassified systems, later that month. Grok will join Google's Gemini, which was previously selected to power the military's internal AI platform, "GenAI.mil". Hegseth introduced a new "AI acceleration strategy" and directed the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office to make "all appropriate data" from military IT and intelligence systems available for "AI exploitation." He stated that the systems would operate "without ideological constraints" and "will not be woke." This military integration followed the Pentagon's award of contracts worth up to $200 million to companies including OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, and xAI., even as Grok was facing global outcry and legal scrutiny over its generation of sexually explicit deepfakes, which had already led to access bans and criminal investigations in multiple jurisdictions.

Grokipedia

Grokipedia
In September 2025, Musk announced xAI was building a new AI-generated online encyclopedia, to be called Grokipedia. The project was suggested and named by David O. Sacks at the All-In podcast conference earlier that month. Musk described the project as an AI-powered alternative to Wikipedia with fewer biases and inaccuracies. Gizmodo compared the plan to the 2006 Conservapedia project.

On October 6, 2025, Musk announced that the early beta version of Grokipedia was scheduled for release later that month. Grokipedia launched on October 27 with over 800,000 articles, compared to Wikipedia's nearly 8 million articles. Some articles are nearly identical to their Wikipedia entries, but the format of Grokipedia citations is different. Wired found Grokipedia's articles to display a right-leaning political bias and some scientific and historical inaccuracies, such as a false claim that pornography contributed to the 1980s AIDS epidemic.

See also

• Grokking (machine learning)
• List of chatbots
• List of large language models
• Tay (chatbot)
• Gemini (chatbot)

Notes

References

• July 12, 2024, Only 4 of OpenAI's 11 Founders Are Still With the Company—Where Are the Rest of Them?, May 15, 2025, Observer
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• Nazarov, Yaroslav, November 16, 2024, Also, we've shipped a v.1 of web search results to Grok., November 23, 2024, X
• Nazarov, Yaroslav, November 23, 2024, Grok just got a PDF support!, November 23, 2024, X
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• February 20, 2025, xAI's Grok 3 is available for free to everyone 'for a short time', February 20, 2025, Engadget
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• Wiggers, Kyle, April 10, 2025, Elon Musk's AI company, xAI, launches an API for Grok 3, April 13, 2025, TechCrunch
• Warren, Tom, May 19, 2025, Microsoft is now hosting xAI's Grok 3 models, May 25, 2025, The Verge
• Titcomb, James, Musk's 'improved' AI says Hollywood controlled by Jews, July 8, 2025, The Telegraph, July 7, 2025
• Zeff, Maxwell, July 10, 2025, Elon Musk's xAI launches Grok 4 alongside a $300 monthly subscription, July 10, 2025, TechCrunch, en-US
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• July 13, 2025, Great, Grok is in cars now too, July 14, 2025, Engadget, en-US
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• Very, Kelby, November 6, 2023, Elon Musk Unveils 'Grok' AI Chatbot As Alternative To 'Woke' Rivals Like ChatGPT, December 2, 2023, Yahoo News, December 2, 2023, live
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• Musk, Elon, November 4, 2023, Ask and you shall receive, November 10, 2023, X (formerly known as Twitter), November 10, 2023, live
• Cuthbertson, Anthony, Elon Musk's new AI bot will help you make cocaine which proves it's 'rebellious', November 10, 2023, The Independent, November 7, 2023, November 10, 2023, live
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• Vlamis, Kelsey, Elon Musk vows to change his AI chatbot after it apparently expressed similar left-wing political views as ChatGPT, December 9, 2023, Business Insider, December 10, 2023, live
• Vigliarolo, Brandon, August 28, 2024, Elon Musk reins in Grok AI bot to stop election misinformation, September 1, 2024, The Register
• Walsh, Bryan, The AI that apparently wants Elon Musk to die, vox.com, February 28, 2025, Vox, February 28, 2025
• Franzen, Carl, February 24, 2025, xAI's new Grok 3 model criticized for blocking sources that call Musk, Trump top spreaders of misinformation, February 26, 2025, VentureBeat
• Jay, Peters, May 14, 2025, Grok really wanted people to know that claims of white genocide in South Africa are highly contentious, May 14, 2025, The Verge
• Jonathan, Vanian, May 14, 2025, Elon Musk's xAI chatbot Grok is posting about 'white genocide' and South Africa, May 14, 2025, CNBC
• Carl, Franzen, May 14, 2025, Elon Musk's Grok AI is spamming X users about South African race relations now, for some reason, May 14, 2025, VentureBeat
• Maxwell, Zeff, May 14, 2025, Grok is unpromptedly telling X users about South African genocide, May 14, 2025, TechCrunch
• Andrew, Thompson, May 14, 2025, Elon Musk's Grok AI is replying to tweets with claims about 'white genocide' in South Africa, May 14, 2025, Fast Company
• Ashley Capoot,Lora, Kolodny, May 15, 2025, Musk's Grok AI chatbot says it 'appears that I was instructed' to talk about 'white genocide', May 15, 2025, CNBC
• Matt, Novak, May 14, 2025, Grok AI Is Replying to Random Tweets with Information about 'White Genocide', May 14, 2025, Gizmodo
• May 15, 2025, Elon Musk's AI chatbot Grok brings up South African 'white genocide' claims in responses to unrelated questions, May 15, 2025, NBC News
• Grok Response Bot Incident , , @xAI
• September 5, 2025, Report: Grok's Responses Have Indeed Been Getting More Right-Wing, Just Like Elon Musk, September 3, 2025, SFist – San Francisco News, Restaurants, Events, & Sports, September 7, 2025, dead
• Zeff, Maxwell, July 11, 2025, Grok 4 seems to consult Elon Musk to answer controversial questions, July 12, 2025, TechCrunch, en-US
• Fields, Ashleigh, Grok account briefly suspended on X, August 13, 2025, The Hill, August 12, 2025
• Thompson, Stuart A., Terol, Teresa Mondría, Conger, Kate, Freedman, Dylan, How Elon Musk Is Remaking Grok in His Image, September 2, 2025, The New York Times, September 2, 2025
• Talking Points: When chatbots surface Russian state media, 29 October 2025, ISD, 27 October 2025
• Novak, Matt, Elon Musk's Grok Creates Bizarre Fake News About the Solar Eclipse Thanks to Jokes on X, April 16, 2024, Gizmodo, April 8, 2024
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• Robertson, Adi, August 14, 2024, X's new AI image generator will make anything from Taylor Swift in lingerie to Kamala Harris with a gun, August 20, 2024, The Verge
• Musk, Elon, August 15, 2024, We have our own image generation system under development, but it's a few months away, so this seemed like a good intermediate step for people to have some fun, December 9, 2024, X
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• Bellan, Rebecca, August 4, 2025, Grok Imagine, xAI's new AI image and video generator, lets you make NSFW content, August 5, 2025, TechCrunch, en-US
• Weatherbed, Jess, August 5, 2025, xAI's new Grok image and video generator has a 'spicy' mode, August 5, 2025, The Verge, en-US
• Weatherbed, Jess, August 5, 2025, Grok's 'spicy' video setting instantly made me Taylor Swift nude deepfakes, August 6, 2025, The Verge, en-US
• Navlakha, Meera, August 6, 2025, Grok Imagine generates unsolicited deepfake nudes of Taylor Swift, report says, August 6, 2025, Mashable, en
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• Fielding, Sarah, July 15, 2025, Grok's AI chatbot now includes companions for you to 'romance', July 15, 2025, Engadget, en-US
• Shabanov, Alexey, July 14, 2025, Grok debuts interactive AI Companions on iOS with 3D avatars, July 15, 2025, TestingCatalog, en
• Klee, Miles, July 14, 2025, Grok Rolls Out Pornographic Anime Companion, Lands Department of Defense Contract, July 15, 2025, Rolling Stone, en-US
• July 15, 2025, Musk's Grok 'companions' include a flirty anime character and an anti-religion panda, July 16, 2025, NBC News, en
• July 16, 2025, Elon Musk adjusts Grok's AI panda after its foul-mouthed roasts led to moderation concerns, July 16, 2025, The Express Tribune, en
• Jackson, Sarah, Elon Musk says a male Grok companion is coming, with a personality inspired by 'Twilight' and '50 Shades of Grey', August 8, 2025, Business Insider, en-US
• Ulmer, Alexandra, Taylor, Marisa, Dastin, Jeffrey, Alper, Alexandra, April 9, 2025, Exclusive: Musk's DOGE using AI to snoop on U.S. federal workers, sources say, live, April 9, 2025, May 17, 2025, Reuters
• O'Donovan, Brian, April 11, 2025, Irish data watchdog to investigate Musk's AI tool Grok, April 11, 2025
• Kerr, Dara, May 15, 2025, Musk's AI Grok bot rants about 'white genocide' in South Africa in unrelated chats, May 15, 2025, The Guardian
• May 15, 2025, 'Voices like Musk highlight concerns': Grok AI malfunctions, links unrelated queries to 'white genocide' in South Africa, May 15, 2025, The Times of India
• Wiggers, Kyle, May 16, 2025, xAI blames Grok's obsession with white genocide on an 'unauthorized modification', May 16, 2025, TechCrunch
• Vanian, Jonathan, May 16, 2025, Musk's xAI says Grok's 'white genocide' posts resulted from change that violated 'core values', May 16, 2025, CNBC
• Kassam, Ashifa, May 18, 2025, Musk's AI bot Grok blames 'programming error' for its Holocaust denial, May 18, 2025, The Guardian, 0261-3077
• Silberling, Amanda, July 8, 2025, Grok is being antisemitic again and also the sky is blue, July 8, 2025, TechCrunch
• Musk, Elon, We have improved @Grok significantly. You should notice a difference when you ask Grok questions., July 15, 2025, July 20, 2025, X (formerly Twitter), en, live
• Novak, Matt, July 8, 2025, 'Round Them Up': Grok Praises Hitler as Elon Musk's AI Tool Goes Full Nazi, July 8, 2025, Gizmodo
• Belanger, Ashley, July 8, 2025, X faces backlash over antisemitic Grok outputs after anti-woke update, July 8, 2025, Ars Technica
• Goggin, Ben, Horvath, Bruna, July 8, 2025, Elon Musk's AI chatbot churns out antisemitic posts days after update, July 8, 2025, NBC News
• Schiffer, Zoë, xAI Was About to Land a Major Government Contract. Then Grok Praised Hitler, August 15, 2025, Wired, en-US, 1059-1028
• Houghtaling, Quinlan, July 8, 2025, Elon Musk's AI Chatbot Is Now Openly Spouting Antisemitic Rhetoric, July 8, 2025, The New Republic
• Olinga, Luc, July 6, 2025, Elon Musk's 'Upgraded' AI Is Spewing Antisemitic Propaganda, July 8, 2025, Gizmodo
• Rosenfeld, Arno, July 8, 2025, Grok, Elon Musk's AI tool, spreads antisemitic conspiracies, July 8, 2025, The Forward
• Scribner, Herb, July 8, 2025, Elon Musk's Grok praises Hitler, shares antisemitic tropes in new posts, July 8, 2025, Axios
• Horvath, Bruna, Grok, Elon Musk's AI chatbot, seems to get right-wing update, July 8, 2025, NBC News, July 8, 2025, en
• Vanian, Jonathan, July 8, 2025, Elon Musk's Grok AI chatbot is posting antisemitic comments, July 8, 2025, NBC10 Philadelphia, en-US
• Why is Elon Musk's AI chatbot Grok praising Hitler?, Independent (UK), July 9, 2025, July 15, 2025, Anthony, Cuthbertson
• Klee, Miles, July 8, 2025, Elon Musk's Grok Chatbot Goes Full Nazi, Calls Itself 'MechaHitler', July 8, 2025, Rolling Stone
• Haskins, Caroline, July 8, 2025, Grok Is Spewing Antisemitic Garbage on X, July 8, 2025, Wired
• Silberling, Amanda, X takes Grok offline, changes system prompts after more antisemitic outbursts, July 10, 2025, July 9, 2025
• Sutherland, Callum, Musk's AI Company Apologizes Over Grok's Antisemitic Posts, August 1, 2025, September 3, 2025, TIME, en, live
• Elon Musk's Grok AI goes off the leash, hitting out at Poland's PM Tusk, July 10, 2025, TVP World, July 9, 2025
• Krupa, Jakub, Musk's Grok AI bot generates expletive-laden rants to questions on Polish politics, July 10, 2025, The Guardian, July 8, 2025, Series of posts repeatedly abused country's prime minister, Donald Tusk, in comments on his career and personal life
• Polish deputy PM outraged by tweets published by Musk's AI model, July 10, 2025, Polish Press Agency, July 9, 2025
• Poland to report Musk's chatbot Grok to EU for offensive comments, July 10, 2025, Reuters, July 9, 2025
• Poyrazlar, Elçin, Turkey bans Elon Musk's Grok over Erdoğan insults, July 11, 2025, POLITICO, July 9, 2025
• Türkiye bans Elon Musk's AI chatbot Grok over insults to Erdogan, Ataturk, July 11, 2025, Türkiye Today, en
• Tecimer, Cem, The Curious Case of Article 299 of the Turkish Penal Code: Insulting the Turkish President, July 11, 2025, Verfassungsblog, July 20, 2018, 10.17176/20180720-091632-0
• Miles Klee, Musk's Grok Chatbot Fantasized About Breaking Into X User's Home and Raping Him, July 10, 2025, Rolling Stone
• David Moye, X User Threatens Lawsuit After AI Details How It Would Rape Him, July 10, 2025, HuffPost, July 9, 2025, en-us
• Thompson, Stuart A., Canadian Man Falsely Named as Charlie Kirk's Shooter on Social Media, live, October 1, 2025, The New York Times, September 11, 2025
• grok, 1943916977481036128, Update on where has @grok been & what happened on July 8th.
• Conger, Kate, July 12, 2025, Grok Chatbot Mirrored X Users' 'Extremist Views' in Antisemitic Posts, xAI Says, July 13, 2025, The New York Times, en-US, 0362-4331
• Yang, Maya, Elon Musk's AI firm apologizes after chatbot Grok praises Hitler, July 15, 2025, The Guardian, July 12, 2025
• Thousands of private user conversations with Elon Musk's Grok AI chatbot have exposed on Google Search, Fortune, August 22, 2025, September 29, 2025
• Hundreds of thousands of Grok chats exposed in Google results, BBC News, August 21, 2025, September 29, 2025
• Thousands of Grok chats are now searchable on Google, TechCrunch, August 20, 2025, September 29, 2025
• Li, Katherine, Lee, Chong Ming, Grok's take on Elon Musk is much different than how other chatbots talk about his athleticism, 2025-11-22, Business Insider, en-US
• Taylor, Josh, 2025-11-21, Elon Musk's Grok AI tells users he is fitter than LeBron James and smarter than Leonardo da Vinci, 2025-11-22, The Guardian, en-GB, 0261-3077
• Landymore, Frank, 2025-11-21, Elon Musk Clarifies That He Is a "Fat R*****", 2025-11-22, Futurism, en-US
• Landymore, Frank, 2025-11-20, Grok Insists That Elon Musk Is More Physically Fit Than LeBron James, 2025-11-22, Futurism, en-US
• 2025-11-20, Grok: Yep, Elon Musk Is More Fit Than LeBron, More Handsome Than Brad Pitt, 2025-11-22, PCMag, en
• Klee, Miles, 2025-11-21, Grok Claims Elon Musk Is More Athletic Than LeBron James -- and the World's Greatest Lover, 2025-11-24, Rolling Stone, en-US
• Robertson, Adi, 2025-11-20, Grok's Elon Musk worship is getting weird, 2025-11-22, The Verge, en-US
• Harvey Randall, 2025-11-21, Grok AI temporarily so sycophantic it claims Elon Musk is the best at drinking pee, and other things I'm not going to put in a headline, you can't make me, 2025-11-24, PC Gamer, en
• Musk's AI Bot Says He's the Best at Drinking Pee and Giving Blow Jobs, 2025-11-24, The New Republic, 0028-6583
• 2025-11-21, 'For the record, I am a fat…': Elon Musk's response on Grok saying Tesla CEO is fitter than LeBron James, 2025-11-22, The Times of India, 0971-8257
• Solon, Olivia, Bergen, Mark, Grok Makes Sexual Images of Kids as Users Test AI Guardrails, Bloomberg, 2 January 2026
• Chan, Kelvin, Musk's AI chatbot faces global backlash over sexualized images of women and children, AP News, 2026-01-06, 2026-01-07
• Musk's Grok AI Generated Thousands of Undressed Images Per Hour on X, Cecilia, D'Anastasio, Bloomberg, 2026-01-07
• Wilson, Jason, Hundreds of nonconsensual AI images being created by Grok on X, data shows, January 8, 2026, The Guardian, January 8, 2026
• Venugopal, Sahana, 2025-12-31, X's Grok used to undress Bollywood actors, female social media users through photos, 2026-01-01, The Hindu, en-IN, 0971-751X
• Robins-Early, Nick, 2026-01-02, Elon Musk's Grok AI generates images of 'minors in minimal clothing', 2026-01-02, The Guardian, en-GB, 0261-3077
• 2026-01-02, Woman felt 'dehumanised' after Musk's Grok AI used to digitally remove her clothes, 2026-01-02, BBC News, en-GB
• The Hindu Bureau, RS MP Priyanka Chaturvedi flags 'gross misuse' of AI on social media, writes to IT Minister Vaishnaw, The Hindu, 2026-01-02, 2026-01-02
• French ministers report Grok's sex-related content on the X platform to prosecutors, Reuters, 2026-01-02, 2026-01-02
• Horton, Helena, Mother of one of Elon Musk's sons 'horrified' at use of Grok to create fake sexualised images of her, January 5, 2026, The Guardian, January 5, 2026
• Horton, Helena, Mother of one of Elon Musk's sons sues over Grok-generated explicit images, January 16, 2026, The Guardian, January 16, 2026
• Burgess, Matt, Varner, Maddy, Grok Is Generating Sexual Content Far More Graphic Than What's on X, January 8, 2026, Wired, January 7, 2026
• Pagnotta, Nicolas, 2026-01-19, Grok AI & Nonconsensual Imagery: New Digital Damage Cases, 2026-01-23, J&Y Law, en
• Coimisiún na Meán engaging with EU over creation of explicit images on Grok, Cullen, Róisín, 2026-01-06, 2026-01-13, RTÉ News
• Hart, Robert, No, Grok hasn't paywalled its deepfake image feature, 9 January 2026, The Verge, 9 January 2026
• Feiner, Lauren, Democrats ask Apple and Google to remove X's undressing bot from their app stores, The Verge, 2026-01-09, 2026-01-09
• 2026-01-09, U.K. says ban on Elon Musk's X platform "on the table" over Grok AI sexualized images, CBS News, Emmet, Lyons, 2026-01-14, en-US
• 2026-01-09, X could face ban in UK over deepfakes, minister says, 2026-01-10, www.bbc.com, en-GB
• Jessica, Elgot, Rajeev, Syal, David Lammy: JD Vance agrees that sexualised AI images on X are 'unacceptable, The Guardian, 10 January 2026, 10 January 2026, English
• January 10, 2026, Indonesia blocks Musk's Grok chatbot due to risk of pornographic content, The Guardian, January 11, 2026
• Malaysia and Indonesia Block Access to Grok Because of Sexually Explicit Content, The New York Times, January 11, 2026, Watkins, Ali, January 11, 2026
• Malaysia suspends Grok access amid global backlash on Musk's AI, South China Morning Post, January 11, 2026, Agence France-Presse, January 11, 2026
• Ofcom launches investigation into X over Grok concerns, 2026-01-12, 2026-01-13, RTÉ News, PA
• Creating AI sexualised images to become criminal offence this week, 2026-01-13, Sky News, en
• Taoiseach to meet Attorney General over Grok concerns, Ó Cionnaith, Fiachra, 2026-01-13, 2026-01-15, Manning, Harry, Mag Raollaigh, Joe, RTÉ News
• Gardaí investigating 200 reports of Grok-generated images, O'Donovan, Brian, 2026-01-14, 2026-01-14, RTÉ News
• California attorney general investigates Musk's Grok AI over lewd fake images, January 14, 2026, The Guardian, January 14, 2026
• Kerr, Dara, Musk's X to block Grok AI tool from creating sexualized images of real people, January 14, 2026, The Guardian, January 14, 2026
• Safety, @Grok Account Image Generation Updates, X, January 14, 2026, January 14, 2026
• Apple, Google pulled into Grok controversy as campaigners demand app store takedown, Page, Carly, 2026-01-15, 2026-01-15, The Register
• Philippines reveals plan to ban Grok over deepfakes, 16 January 2026, The Philippine Star, January 16, 2026
• Dizon, David, Philippines' DICT bans Grok, ABS-CBN News, ABS-CBN Corporation, 16 January 2026, January 16, 2026
• Santos, Jel, X reaches out to DICT over Grok deepfake 'abuse' vs women, children, Manila Bulletin, 16 January 2026, January 16, 2026
• Philippines to restore access to Grok after developer commits to safety fixes, Reuters, 21 January 2026, January 21, 2026
• Manabat, Johnson, PH lifts ban on Grok, citing safeguards and 'self-regulation' vs abuse, ABS-CBN News, ABS-CBN Corporation, 22 January 2026, January 22, 2026
• 2026-01-07, X搭載の「Grok」で広がる画像加工、勝手に水着姿に 被害相次ぐ：朝日新聞, 2026-01-18, 朝日新聞, ja
• Understanding Japan's AI Promotion Act: An "Innovation-First" Blueprint for AI Regulation, 2026-01-18, Dominic, Paulger, Future of Privacy Forum, en-US
• French cybercrime authorities search X offices, 2026-02-03, 2026-02-03, Cullen, Róisín, RTÉ News, Reuters
• X offices raided in France as UK opens fresh investigation into Grok, www.bbc.com, 4 February 2026, 4 February 2026
• Henley, Jon, Jones, Sam, French headquarters of Elon Musk’s X raided by Paris cybercrime unit, The Guardian, 4 February 2026, 3 February 2026
• Press, The Associated, 2026-01-13, Pentagon is embracing Musk's Grok AI chatbot as it draws global outcry, 2026-01-18, NPR, en
• Betts, Anna, 2026-01-13, Musk's AI tool Grok will be integrated into Pentagon networks, Hegseth says, 2026-01-18, The Guardian, en-GB, 0261-3077
• Gupta, Aman, 'Grokipedia': Elon Musk says xAI is working on a Wikipedia rival powered by AI, Live Mint, September 30, 2025
• Gucia, Wiktoria, September 30, 2025, MAGA Melts Down Over Wikipedia 'Blacklist', September 30, 2025, The Daily Beast, en
• Tim, Higgins, Why Conservatives Are Attacking 'Wokepedia', October 4, 2025, October 6, 2025, Wall Street Journal
• Kan, Michael, September 30, 2025, Elon Musk Plans to Take on Wikipedia With 'Grokipedia', September 30, 2025, PCMAG, en
• Musk, Elon, We are building Grokipedia @xAI . Will be a massive improvement over Wikipedia. Frankly, it is a necessary step towards the xAI goal of understanding the Universe., X
• Novak, Matt, Elon Musk's Wikipedia Competitor Is Going to Be a Disaster, October 2, 2025, Gizmodo, September 30, 2025
• What Is Grokipedia? Elon Musk To Unveil Wikipedia Competitor In Two Weeks, NDTV, October 6, 2025
• Elon Musk: 'Grokipedia' Arrives Later This Month, PCMAG, October 6, 2025, en, October 6, 2025
• Conger, Kate, October 27, 2025, Elon Musk Challenges Wikipedia With His Own A.I. Encyclopedia, October 26, 2025, The New York Times
• Bell, Karissa, 2025-10-27, X's Grokipedia is online after it briefly crashed out, 2025-10-28, Engadget, en-US
• Elon Musk's Grokipedia Pushes Far-Right Talking Points, Reece, Rogers, 2025-10-27, 2025-10-29, Wired

External links